Relevant issues

• [[https://github.com/IMA-WorldHealth/bhima/issues/6350][Issue 6350]]

Asset Management in BHIMA

Background

A common need in many organizations and projects is to keep track of valuable assets (property) that are used by the organization. BHIMA provides tools to register such property as it is received, assigned to responsible entities, and track its location and condition during the lifetime of the property.

Before going into details about how asset management works in BHIMA, it is useful to review some terms that will be used in the following documentation.

• Asset - Assets are any article of inventory that is considered valuable enough to the organization that it is important to track its location and condition during the lifetime of the article. Typically, assets are things like computers, printers, office furniture, vehicles, electronic devices, and mobile phones.

  Assets are always unique items. Often assets are labeled by the manufacturer with a model and serial number. Articles of pharmaceutical stock (“Lots” or batches) may be identified by a Lot ID but any of the individual items in that lot are equivalent to each other – they are not unique and would not be considered assets.

  Note that assets are instances of particular inventory items. So part of the data for an asset is defined by the inventory article (eg, manufacturer and model number) and additional data is asset-specific (eg, asset serial number).

• Barcode label or tag - Generally, each asset will be given an ID when it comes into the possession of the organization. This ID will be an internal ID to the organization and is not related to any manufacturer-given ID such as a serial number. The organization-given ID number will get encoded in a label as a barcode (which we may refer to as a “tag*) and affixed to the asset as a permanent organization label or ID tag for the asset. The ID number will be encoded using a barcode so that it can be scanned with a hand-held scanner or mobile phone for tracking purposes.

• Assignment - Assets are generally Assigned to an entity within an organization to use the asset to accomplish their work. The entity that an asset is assigned to are then responsible for the asset. An “entity” here could be a person or a department of the organization. For instance, a computer would often be assigned to an individual person. However, a printer might be assigned to a deparment as a shared assets to be used by anyone in the department. An asset that is not assigned to an entity is considered to assigned to the depot it resides in.

• Asset Scan or Scan is the act of verifying the location and condition of an asset. This is usually done by physically scanning the barcode of the actual asset using an hand-held scanner or mobile phone. A key concept here is that the actual asset must be available physically in order to scan it. The scan will record the location and time that the asset is scanned and optionally provide a way for the user to indicated the status of the item. The purpose of scanning assets to is track the locations and condition and to verify that the assets can be found physically. Asset scans allow the organization to conserve its assets and prevent theft.

• Required Inventory Scans - An organization will ensure that assets are being properly taken care of by periodically requiring all assets (inventories) to be scanned. This might be on a yearly or quarterly basis. Generally such required inventory scans will require that all assets be scanned by a specific deadline. How this happens is a policy decision for the organization, but a typical approach might be for upper management to require that each department scan all assets assigned to them by a deadline in advance of the organizations overall required inventory scan deadline. The department staff will scan all assets that are assigned to the department or to individuals in the department.

Asset Management Operations in BHIMA

Asset management has a top-level menu in BHIMA. Under it are three options:

• Assets Registry - A listing of assets in the organization. This page also shows the current assignment of each asset and supports changing asset assignments.
• Assets Scans Registry - A listing of all asset scans. This page also supports creating new asset scans (using a barcode scanner).
• Required Inventory Scans - A listing of defined required inventory scans. This page supports creating and editing required inventory scans. It also supports showing the asset scans that have been performed in fulfilment of the required inventory scan.

We will look at each of these pages and the functionality they offer in more detail below.

Assets Registry

In order to see a listing of assets for the organization, visit the Assets Registry page:

menu > Assets Management > Assets Registry
⇒ Open the **Assets Registry** page.

Here is an example of what that might look like: Here is a description of some of the columns in this display:

• Depot - The depot that currently maintains records for the asset. Note that the [Search] option can be used to limit the grid display to one Depot.
• Code - The inventory code for the asset
• Inventory - The description for the inventory for this asset
• Inventory Group - The description for the inventory group for this asset
• Asset Label - the specific, unique label for this asset
• Unit Cost - the unit cost for this asset
• Entry Date - the date that the asset came into the control of its depot
• Assigned to - the entity that the asset is assigned to (if any)
• Reference number - an ID used to relate this to the source of the asset
• Manufacturer brand - The name of the manfacturer for this asset
• Manufacturer model - The model name that the manufacturer uses to identify this asset
• Serial Number - The unique serial number for this asset as given by the manufacturer (if any)
• Actions - A menu of “action” items that can be performed on this asset
• Note that there are other columns that are hidden by default but can be enabled via the main [Menu] > Columns option (such as status, date the current assignment was created, etc).

Other items in this display are:

• [+New Assignment] button - This will allow creating a new assignment for any unassigned asset. To create a new assignment for a specific asset, this functionality is also available via the action menu (described below).
• [Grouping] - Allows grouping by inventory or inventory group
• [Search] - Enable search filters

• [Menu] - a menu of top-level actions: These menu items include:

  • Columns - Disable or enable the display of columns in the grid
  • Save / Clear Grid Configuration - Save or clear the current grid configuration (including which columns should be hidden or shown). Note that if the “Save Grid Configuration” is not performed, the next time the user visits this page, any changes of column visibility will be reverted to the default.
  • Download as PDF/CSV/Excel - Download the current grid display as PDF, CSV, or Excel files.
  • Current Assignments - Generate a PDF report with all the current assignments. Note that this report will be limited based on the current search filters. Only assets with assignments will be shown.
  • Scan Barcode - This option allows you to scan a barcode and immediately limit the display to the asset corresponding to that barcode.

Assets Action Menu

At the end of each row in the Assets Registry, is an Actions menu with options specific to the asset in that row. The actions menu will be different based on whether the asset has no current assignment (left menu) or does have a current assignment (right menu). The functions in the actions menu are:

• Barcode - Show the barcode for this asset
• Edit - Edit this asset. Note that this only allows you to edit the data for the asset that is specific to this asset. Other data for this asset that is specific to the underlying inventory item can only be edited in the Inventory registry.
• View Asset in Inventory - Show the underlying inventory item in the Inventory Registry
• View Asset in Stock - View the asset in the Articles in Stock registry
• Show Asset Scans - Show the asset scans for this asset item (in the Asset Scans Registry)
• +Add Assignment - If the asset has no current assignment, allow an assignment to be done. Note that adding an assignment requires that any previous assignment be removed first.
• Assignment Document - Show the document of the current assignment (if there is one).
• Remove Assignment - Remove the current assignment. Note that this will leave the asset unassigned.
• Assignment History - Shows the history of assignments for this asset.

Assets Scan Registry

To see a listing of the scans of assets, visit the Assets Scans Registry:

menu > Assets Management > Assets Scans Registry
⇒ Open the **Assets Scans Registry** page.

Here is an example of what the assets scans registry might look like: And here is a description of some of the columns in this grid:

• Depot - The depot that maintained records for this asset at the time of the scan. Note that this might not be its current depot.
• Manufacturer brand - The name of the manfacturer for this asset
• Manufacturer model - The model name that the manufacturer uses to
• Asset Label - the specific, unique label for this asset
• Condition - the condition of the asset at the time of this scan
• Notes - any extra notes about the asset
• Scan Date - the date that the asset was scanned
• Assigned to - the entity that the asset is assigned to (if any)
• Actions - A menu of “action” items that can be performed on this asset scan. These include the ability to Edit an asset scan or to create a new asset scan for this specific asset (without requiring a barcode scan).
• Note that there are other columns that are hidden by default but can be enabled via the main [Menu] > Columns option (such as inventory info, serial number, the person who performed the scan, etc).

Other items in this display are:

• [+New Asset Scan] button - This will allow creating a new asset scan. The barcode reader is activated and the user would then scan the barcode for an asset and a dialog will pop up allowing additional (optional) information to be added (such as the current condition and notes about the asset).
• [Search] - Enable search filters

• [Menu] - a menu of top-level actions: These menu items include:

  • Columns - Disable or enable the display of columns in the grid
  • Save / Clear Grid Configuration - Save or clear the current grid configuration (including which columns should be hidden or shown). Note that if the “Save Grid Configuration” is not performed, the next time the user visits this page, any changes of column visibility will be reverted to the default.
  • Download as PDF/CSV/Excel - Download the current grid display as PDF, CSV, or Excel files.

Required Inventory Scans

In order to track assets effectively, it is important to require that all assets are physically scanned on a regular basis. To facilitate that the BHIMA software provides “Required Inventory Scans” which are defined periods (or campaigns) in which assets are to be scanned.

To see a listing of the required inventory scan campaigns, visit the Required Inventory Scans page:

menu > Assets Management > Required Inventory Scans
⇒ Open the **Required Inventory Scans** page.

Here is an example of what the required inventory scans registry might look like: The columns in this grid are:

• Depot - The depot that maintains records for the asset
• Title - The title or label for this required inventory scan
• Start Date - The date this required inventory scan starts
• End Date - The date this required inventory scan ends
• Reference Number - An option to limit the scans to assets matching the reference number.
• Updated - The last date that the parameters for this required inventory scan were upated.
• Actions - A menu of “action” items that can be performed on this required inventory scan. These include the ability to Edit the parameters for this required inventory scan and to show a list of items which have been scanned (limited by the current search filters).

Other items in this display are:

• [+New Required Inventory Scan] button - This will allow creating a new required inventory scan. This will be described in more detail below.
• [Search] - Enable search filters (eg, filter by depot)
• [Menu] - a menu of top-level actions including:
  • Columns - Disable or enable the display of columns in the grid
  • Save / Clear Grid Configuration - Save or clear the current grid configuration (including which columns should be hidden or shown). Note that if the “Save Grid Configuration” is not performed, the next time the user visits this page, any changes of column visibility will be reverted to the default.

Creating a new Required Inventory Scan

To create a new required inventory scan campaign, click on the [+New Required Inventory Scan] button. This will pop up a dialog that will let you specify the parameters for the campaign. The fields for the parameters of this required inventory scan campaign are:

• Title - The title or label for this required inventory scan
• Start Date - The date this required inventory scan starts.
• End Date - The date this required inventory scan ends
• Reference Number - An optional parameter to limit the scans to assets matching assets with this reference number
• Description - An optional description of this campaign
• Depot - Option to limit the campaign to only assets managed by a specific depot

Note that the only asset scans that would count to fulfill a specific campaign are one that were done between its start and end dates. This forces a new scan of every asset to be done during the campaign.

Required Inventory Scan Reports

The BHIMA software also supports reports that enable tracking the process of a required inventory scan campaign. To create these reports, visit the Needed Inventory Scans report page:

menu > Assets Management > Reports > Needed Inventory Scans
⇒ Open the **Needed Inventory Scans** page.

The operator can select the required inventory scan (by title) and then specify what they want to see in the report:

• All covered inventory - A report showing all assets covered by the campaign
• Scanned inventory - A report showing assets already scanned in this campagin
• Unscanned inventory - A report showing only assets still needing scans for this campaign

Asset Tracking Policy

How to conduct a required inventory scan campaign is at the discretion of the organization. However here is how one organization performs this task:

• Scanning all assets (“Inventorying”) was required once a year.
• A specific deadline was given for all assets to be scanned each year for the entire organization.
• In the month (or more) before the deadline, everyone was instructed to scan their assets (using special barcode scanning devices or smart phones). Only assets scans performed after the beginning of the campaign would count. In some cases administrative staff or IT folks would do a lot of the scanning. However individuals who were assigned assets were ultimately responsible to make sure their assets got scanned during the campaign.
• The administrative staff monitored what percent of items were scanned (since last year’s inventory).
• In the last weeks before the deadline, the administrative staff would work directly with people or departments who had not completed their scanning to get it done before the deadline.
• In the last week, the department head would warn people who had not completed their scans that it would count against them on their next review if their scans were not completed before the deadline.
• Occasionally, items could not be found or were known to be lost. There was a procedure to handle these cases but usually require manager approvals.
• Failures of departments to get all their assets scanned was a black mark against the department that was reported up to higher levels in the organization. The reviews of these upper-level managers were probably impacted negatively in such cases. So each department was eager to get their scans completed early. The administrators of many departments required the scans for their department be completed a month in advance to avoid last minute scrambles.